Safeguarding, in the context of collaborative and industrial robotics, refers to the ensemble of physical barriers, electronic devices, and procedural controls deployed to prevent hazardous contact between robots and humans. Safeguarding measures include hard guards, light curtains, safety zones, and monitored-stop functions, and are mandated by standards such as ISO 10218 and ISO/TS 15066. Effective safeguarding is complementary to inherent safe design: it mitigates residual risks that cannot be eliminated through power-and-force limiting or speed reduction alone.