Workflow orchestration is the coordination of multiple interdependent tasks, services, or agents into a coherent end-to-end process, managing ordering, data flow, conditional branching, error handling, and resource allocation. It centralises control logic so that distributed components execute in the correct sequence with the right inputs. In agentic AI systems, orchestration governs how tool calls, sub-agents, and model invocations are sequenced to accomplish complex goals.
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- Orchestration may be centralised (a controller dictating each step) or choreographed (components reacting to events), and in agentic systems it interleaves planning, tool invocation, memory retrieval, and result evaluation. Effective orchestration handles partial failures, branching on intermediate results, and concurrency, contrasting with simple linear chaining by supporting dynamic, state-dependent control flow.