A private 5G network is a standalone or non-standalone 5G deployment operated within a defined premises, such as a factory, campus or port, using licensed, shared or unlicensed spectrum dedicated to that organisation rather than a public mobile operator. It gives the operator direct control over coverage, latency, security and quality-of-service guarantees, including network slicing tailored to specific industrial applications. It is commonly deployed where deterministic low latency is required, such as in robotics and machine vision.