The protocols, hardware, and software frameworks that enable real-time data transmission, synchronisation, and communication between distributed participants. In spatial computing contexts this encompasses WebRTC, QUIC, UDP/TCP stacks, adaptive bitrate streaming, and delta-compression techniques that support low-latency avatar synchronisation and shared world-state updates.
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NetworkingTechnology
NetworkingTechnology in the Metaverse encompasses the protocols and frameworks enabling real-time communication and data synchronization across distributed participants. Key technologies include WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) for peer-to-peer audio/video streams with automatic NAT traversal, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for low-latency unreliable data transmission ideal for position updates, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for reliable ordered delivery of critical state changes, and specialized protocols like QUIC combining TCP reliability with UDP performance characteristics. These technologies support spatial voice chat with proximity attenuation, high-definition video streaming with adaptive bitrate adjustment, avatar synchronization at 60Hz update rates, world state updates using delta compression, and collaborative interactions with conflict resolution. Advanced implementations utilize adaptive bitrate streaming responding to network conditions, packet loss concealment through interpolation and extrapolation, predictive dead reckoning for smooth motion despite latency, jitter buffers for consistent playback, and congestion control algorithms preventing network collapse under load.
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https://webrtc.org/ - WebRTC official documentation
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https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc9000.html - QUIC protocol specification (RFC 9000)
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https://www.photonengine.com/realtime - Photon real-time multiplayer networking
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https://mirror-networking.gitbook.io/ - Mirror networking for Unity
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