Nanotechnology is the science and engineering of materials, devices and systems manipulated at the nanometre scale, typically between one and one hundred nanometres, where quantum and surface effects give matter properties distinct from its bulk form. It draws on material science to engineer structures such as nanoparticles, nanowires and thin films with tailored electrical, optical or mechanical properties. Nanotechnology is a key enabler of modern semiconductor manufacturing, where transistor features have shrunk to nanometre scale, as well as of advanced materials used in energy storage, coatings and medicine.