A cooperative arrangement in which multiple miners aggregate their computational resources to increase the probability of successfully mining a block, sharing the resulting block reward proportionally to contributed hash rate. Mining pools reduce variance in miner income but introduce centralisation risks and hash-rate concentration that can threaten network security.
Semantic Classification
Content
Class Declaration
Declaration(Class(:MiningPool))
Subclass Relationships
SubClassOf(:MiningPool :ConsensusProtocol) SubClassOf(:MiningPool :BlockchainEntity)
Essential Properties
SubClassOf(:MiningPool (ObjectSomeValuesFrom :partOf :Blockchain))
SubClassOf(:MiningPool (ObjectSomeValuesFrom :hasProperty :Property))
Data Properties
DataPropertyAssertion(:hasIdentifier :MiningPool “BC-0064”^^xsd:string) DataPropertyAssertion(:hasAuthorityScore :MiningPool “1.0”^^xsd:decimal) DataPropertyAssertion(:isFoundational :MiningPool “true”^^xsd:boolean)
Object Properties
ObjectPropertyAssertion(:enablesFeature :MiningPool :BlockchainFeature) ObjectPropertyAssertion(:relatesTo :MiningPool :RelatedConcept)
Annotations
AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label :MiningPool “Mining Pool”@en) AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:comment :MiningPool “Collaborative mining group”@en) AnnotationAssertion(dct:description :MiningPool “Foundational blockchain concept with formal ontological definition”@en) AnnotationAssertion(:termID :MiningPool “BC-0064”) AnnotationAssertion(:priority :MiningPool “1”^^xsd:integer) AnnotationAssertion(:category :MiningPool “consensus-fundamentals”@en) )
About Mining Pool
- Collaborative mining group within blockchain systems, providing essential functionality for distributed ledger technology operations and properties.
Key Characteristics
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- Definitional Property: Core defining characteristic
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- Functional Property: Operational behavior
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- Structural Property: Compositional elements
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- Security Property: Security guarantees provided
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- Performance Property: Efficiency considerations
Technical Components
- Implementation: How concept is realized technically
- Verification: Methods for validating correctness
- Interaction: Relationships with other components
- Constraints: Technical limitations and requirements
Use Cases
- 1. Core Blockchain Operation
- Application: Fundamental blockchain functionality
- Example: Practical implementation in major blockchains
- Requirements: Technical prerequisites
- Benefits: Value provided to blockchain systems
Standards & References
- IEC 23257:2021 - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies
- IEEE 2418.1 - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies
- NIST NISTIR - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies
Current Landscape (2026)
- Pool concentration remains the defining concern: as of mid-2026 Foundry USA (~24-30% of ~900-1,000 EH/s network hashrate) and AntPool (~15-19%) together produce over half of all blocks, with the top four pools (adding F2Pool and SpiderPool/ViaBTC) covering roughly 75%, giving block-template construction a Nakamoto coefficient of just three.
- Stratum V2 moved from theory to deployment: Braiins Pool shipped full V2 support including Job Declaration in February 2026, and DEMAND (DMND) launched in November 2025 as the first purpose-built V2-native pool (SRI codebase), with roughly 15-20% of network hashrate now running V2 in some form per the project tracker.
- Landmark decentralisation milestone: on 25 June 2026 GoMining and DMND mined block 955,318 using the Job Declaration feature, the first known Bitcoin block built from a miner-constructed template in a live Stratum V2 production environment.
- Industry alignment accelerated on 7-11 May 2026 when seven major pools representing roughly 75% of global hashrate (Foundry USA, AntPool, F2Pool, SpiderPool, MARA Pool, Block Inc. and DMND) joined the Stratum V2 Working Group, though most remain in testing rather than live user access.
- Bitcoin Core v30 (released October 2025) added experimental Stratum V2 support, lowering the barrier for pools and miners to run miner-side template construction and expected to accelerate adoption.
- Payout-model debate sharpened around transparency: dominant custodial FPPS is being challenged by verifiable non-custodial schemes such as OCEAN’s TIDES (with its DATUM protocol requiring miners to run a full node) and DMND’s provably-fair SLICE, positioned against FPPS’s opaque insurance-style economics.
- Open frontier as of 2026: converting Working Group membership into production miner-selected templates at the large custodial pools, closing the custody and censorship-resistance gap, and realising Braiins’ measured ~7.4% profitability uplift (via ~60-70% bandwidth savings and encrypted, hijack-resistant transport) at scale.
References
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- Spark (2026). How a New Mining Protocol Returns Block Construction to Miners. https://www.spark.money/research/bitcoin-stratum-v2-mining-decentralization
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- Spark (2026). The Hidden Centralization Risk in Bitcoin Mining. https://www.spark.money/research/bitcoin-block-template-mining-centralization
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- Bitcoin.com News (2026). Bitcoin Mining Pool Giants Foundry, Antpool and F2pool Signal Stratum V2 Shift. https://news.bitcoin.com/bitcoin-mining-pool-giants-foundry-antpool-and-f2pool-signal-stratum-v2-shift/
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- D-Central (2026). Bitcoin Mining Pool Comparison 2026: Foundry USA vs OCEAN vs Luxor. https://d-central.tech/mining-pool-comparison/
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- Simplemining.io (2026). Bitcoin Mining Pool Stats & Rankings. https://www.simplemining.io/bitcoin-mining-pools