A layout algorithm is a computational procedure that automatically assigns spatial positions to graphical elements such as nodes, edges, or boxes to produce a readable diagram or interface. Common families include force-directed, hierarchical (Sugiyama), orthogonal, and tree layouts, each optimising criteria like minimal edge crossings, uniform spacing, or compactness. Layout algorithms are central to diagram rendering and graph visualisation.
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- Force-directed methods model edges as springs and nodes as repelling charges, while hierarchical methods layer directed graphs to expose flow. The choice of algorithm and its tuned constraints determine legibility, runtime, and the visual identity of generated diagrams.