Geopolitics is the study and practice of how geography, resources, and national power shape relations and competition among states. In technology it frames how control over compute, semiconductors, data, and AI capability translates into strategic advantage and influences export controls, alliances, and standards-setting. It is a core lens for understanding international competition in AI.
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- Technological geopolitics centres on chokepoints such as advanced semiconductor fabrication, AI accelerators, and critical-mineral supply, which states seek to control through export restrictions and industrial policy. Standards bodies, talent flows, and data governance also become arenas of strategic competition. The resulting dynamics shape investment, regulation, and the diffusion of frontier capabilities.