Deterministic networking is a class of networking techniques that provide bounded latency, low jitter and negligible packet loss for time-critical traffic over shared packet-switched infrastructure, typically through reserved bandwidth, scheduled transmission windows and time synchronisation across network nodes. It underpins standards such as IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking and IETF DetNet, which extend best-effort Ethernet and IP networks with guarantees suitable for industrial control, robotics and audio-video applications. Deterministic behaviour is achieved by combining traffic shaping, redundancy and precise clock synchronisation rather than relying on statistical over-provisioning alone.