Cross-chain communication is the exchange of messages, data, and asset-transfer instructions between distinct blockchain networks that do not natively share state. It is implemented through protocols, relays, and light-client verification that let one chain trust and act on events from another. It is the foundation of blockchain interoperability and multi-chain applications.
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- Approaches range from light-client and relay schemes that cryptographically verify source-chain state to trust-minimised messaging and liquidity bridges. The central engineering tension is achieving low-latency, generic messaging without introducing trusted intermediaries whose compromise would put bridged assets at risk.