Commons-based peer production is a model of decentralised, collaborative creation in which large numbers of individuals contribute effort to a shared resource without centralised managerial coordination or market-priced compensation, coined by legal scholar Yochai Benkler. Open-source software development is its archetypal example, with contributions coordinated through modular tasks, transparent version control, and reputation rather than employment contracts. The model has since been extended to open encyclopaedias, open data, and blockchain-funded public goods.